ДПА

ДПА 2018

ФРАЗИ

·        By the way –                                                      Між іншим

·        A drop in the bucket –                                        Крапля в морі

·        And so on and so forth –                                    І т. д. і т. п.

·        As I said before –                                                Як я вже казав...

·        As sure as eggs is eggs –                                   Як двічі по два – чотири

·        As to... (As for...) –                                           Що стосується

·        Believe it or not, but –                                       вірите чи ні, але…

·        Did I get you right? –                                         Я правильно зрозумів?

·        Don’t mention it –                                             Не дякуйте

·        Don’t take it to heart –                                      Не бери близько до серця

·        Forgive me, please, I meant well –                    Пробачте, будь-ласка, я хотів як краще

·        He is not a man to be trifled with –                   З  ним краще не жартувати

·        I am afraid you are wrong –                               Боюся, що ви не маєте рації

·        I didn’t catch the last word –                            Я не зрозумів останнє слово

·        I mean it –                                                          Саме це я маю на увазі

·        I was not attending –                                         Я прослухав

·        If I am not mistaken –                                       Якщо я не помиляюся

·        If I remember rightly –                                       Якщо я правильно пам’ятаю

·        In other words –                                                  Іншими словами

·        In short –                                                            Коротко кажучи

·        It does you credit –                                             Це робить вам честь

·        It doesn’t matter –                                               Це не важливо

·        It is a good idea –                                               Це хороша думка

·        It is new to me –                                                 Це новина для мене

·        Let us hope for the best –                                   Сподіваймося на краще

·        May I ask you a question? –                              Можу я запитати вас?

·        Mind your own business –                                 Займайся своєю справою

·        Most likely –                                                     Найбільш ймовірно

·        Neither here nor there –                                     Ні те, ні се

·        Next time lucky –                                              Пощастить наступного разу

·        Nothing much –                                                 Нічого особливого

·        Oh, that?! That explains it –                              Он як?! Це все пояснює

·        On the one hand –                                              З одного боку

·        On the other hand –                                           З іншого боку

·        Say it again, please –                                         Повторіть ще раз, будь ласка

·        That’s where the trouble lies –                           Ось у чому справа!

·        Things happen –                                                Всяке буває

·        What do you mean by saying it? –                     Що ви маєте на увазі?

·        What is the matter? –                                          У чому справа?

·        Where were we? –                                             На чому ми зупинилися?

·        You were saying? –                                            Ви щось сказали?

ESSAY - ШАБЛОН НАПИСАННЯ ТВОРУ

·        Many people think … but others do not agree. ·        Let us consider what the advantages and disadvantages of … are. ·        Let’s consider some pros and cons of it. ·        Let us start by considering the facts. ·        Let us start by considering pros and cons of it. ·        It is generally agreed today that …

·        Многие люди думают ... но другие не согласны. ·        Рассмотрим, какие преимущества и недостатки ... есть. ·        Давайте рассмотрим некоторые плюсы и минусы этого. ·        Начнем с рассмотрения фактов. ·        Начнем с рассмотрения плюсы и минусы этого. ·        Существует общее мнение, что сегодня ...

Следующие фразы можно использовать, если требуется рассмотреть аргументы "за" и "против". Не забывайте использовать слова-связки.

·        To begin with, … ·        You can … ·        Firstly,.../ Secondly,.../ Finally,... ·        One argument in support of... ·        The first thing that needs to be said is... ·        first and foremost ·        It is... true that.../ clear that.../ noticeable that... ·        One should note here that... ·        Another good thing about … is that … ·        The second reason for... ·        It is often said that... ·        It is undeniable that... ·        It is a well-known fact that... ·        For the great majority of people... ·        We live in a world in which... ·        A number of key issues arise from the statement. ·        For one... ·        One of the most striking features of this problem is... ·        First of all, let us try to understand... ·        The public in general tend to believe that... ·        What is more, … ·        Besides, … because it is … ·        Doubtless,... ·        One cannot deny that... ·        It is (very) clear from these observations that... ·        On the other hand, we can observe that... ·        The other side of the coin is, however, that... ·        Another way of looking at this question is to... ·        One should, nevertheless, consider the problem from another angle. ·        One should, however, not forget that... ·        If on the one hand it can be said that... the same is not true for... ·        On the other hand, … ·        Although … ·        Besides, … ·        Moreover, ·        Furthermore, one should not forget that... ·        In addition to... ·        Nevertheless, one should accept that... ·        However, we also agree that..._____________________________________

·        Начнем с того, ... ·        Вы можете ... ·        Во-первых,.../ Во-вторых,.../ наконец, ... ·        Один из аргументов в поддержку ... ·        Первое, что нужно сказать, это ... ·        в первую очередь ·        Это ... правда, что ... / ясно, что ... / примечательно, что ... ·        Следует отметить, что ... ·        Другая хорошая вещь о том, что ... ... ·        Вторая причина ... ·        Он часто говорил, что ... ·        Нельзя отрицать, что ... ·        Это хорошо известный факт, что ... ·        Для большинства людей ... ·        Мы живем в мире, в котором ... ·        ряд ключевых вопросов, возникающих с заявлением. ·        Для одного ... ·        Один из самых ярких особенностей этой проблемы ... ·        Прежде всего, давайте попытаемся понять ... ·        Общественности в целом, как правило, считают, что . ·        Более того, ... ·        Кроме того, ... потому что это ... ·        Несомненно, ... ·        Нельзя отрицать, что ... ·        Это (очень) ясно из этих наблюдений, что ... ·        С другой стороны, мы можем заметить, что ... ·        Другая сторона монеты, однако, что ... ·        Другой взгляд на этот вопрос заключается в .. ·        Следует, тем не менее, рассмотрим проблему с другой стороны. ·        Следует, однако, не забывайте, что ... ·        Если с одной стороны, можно сказать, что ... То же самое нельзя сказать о ... ·        С другой стороны, ... ·        Хотя ... ·        Кроме того, ... ·        Кроме того, ·        Кроме того, не следует забывать, что ... ·        В дополнение к ... ·        Тем не менее, следует признать, что ... ·        Однако, мы также согласны с тем, что ... ____________________________________

Подкрепить свою мысль можно мнением (неких абстрактных) экспертов

·        Experts... ·        ... believe that ·        ... say that ·        ... suggest that ·        ... are convinced that ·        ... point out that ·        ... emphasise that ·        According to some experts... ·        Perhaps we should also point out the fact that... ·        It would be unfair not to mention that fact that... ·        One must admit that... ·        We cannot ignore the fact that... ·        One cannot possibly accept the fact that... ·        From these facts, one may conclude that... ·        Which seems to confirm the idea that... ·        Thus,.../ Therefore,... ·        The most common argument against this is that...

·        Эксперты ... ·        ... считают, что ·        ... Говорят, что ·        ... предположить, что ·        ... Убеждены, что ·        ... Отметим, что ·        ... Подчеркнем, что ·        По мнению некоторых экспертов ... ·        Возможно, нам следует также отметить тот факт, что ·        Было бы несправедливо не упомянуть тот факт, что . ·        Надо признать, что ... ·        Мы не можем игнорировать тот факт, что ·        Один не может смириться с тем, что ... ·        Из этих фактов, можно заключить, что ... ·        Какие-видимому, подтверждает мысль, что ... ·        Таким образом,.../ Таким образом, ... ·        Наиболее распространенным аргументом против  является то, что ...

В заключении делаете вывод.

·        In conclusion, I can say that although … , ·        To draw the conclusion, one can say that ·        So it’s up to everybody to decide whether … or not. ·        The arguments we have presented... suggest that.../ prove that.../ would indicate that...  ·        From these arguments one must.../ could.../ might... conclude that...

·        В заключение, я могу сказать, что, хотя ·        Чтобы сделать вывод, можно сказать, что ·        Так что это до всех, чтобы решить, будет ли ... или нет. ·        аргументы мы представили ... предположить, что ... / доказать, что ... / будет означать, что ... ·        Из этих рассуждений нужно ... / ... может / может ... заключить, что ...

TEST 1

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. You asked me to write about my best friend and I’m glad to tell you about him.

My best friend’s name is Boris. He is fifteen years old and he is my classmate. Boris is very attractive. Boris is very reliable and honest person and at any moment I can rely on him. He is tall, slim and strong. He has dark hair and brown eyes.

We have been friends since the first year at school. We met with him in summer camp.

We share many common interests: we play in the same football team, we both like adventurous stories, and we have the same attitude to life. When we have free time, we go out together. Usually we invite our friends and go to the cinema.

 Write me how do you spend time with your friend? Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 2

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. You asked me to write about my birthday and I’m glad to tell you about it.

My birthday is one of my favourite holidays. I was born on the 22nd of March. On my birthday in the morning my parents and sister come to my room, sing "Happy Birthday!" for me and give presents.

Usually we celebrate my birthday in the evening. In the morning of the birthday my father goes to do shopping and buys all the products we need. My sister and I decorate our house with garlands and balloons. My mother bakes a cake.

Many guests come in the evening and I get a lot of presents. We dance and sing songs, make jokes and play games.

My parents always ask me about my wishes beforehand and I get presents that I really need. For my next birthday I want to get a new sell phone, because my phone is very old.

And what present would you like to get for your next birthday? Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 3

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. You asked me to write about my exams and I want to tell you about them.

I am going to have my exams at the end of May and at the beginning of June.

We have to pass three exams, two of them are compulsory: Ukrainian language and Mathematics. We have to choose one exam. It is English language. We have chosen it because in our time every person has to know this foreign language if we want to find a good job and to communicate with other people from abroad.

We have begun to prepare for the exam. Every lesson we revise grammar and lexical material. We have bought special book with tests and do them at home. We write many compositions. I’ll try to pass this exam well.

And how do you prepare for the exams?  Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 9

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter.

We have many holidays un our country and my family celebrates them all.But such holidays as birthdays, Easter, New Year, Christmas, I prefer to celebrate with my family. On these days we gather together and have a dinner.

And now I want to tell you about my favourite holiday and it is New Year. I like this holiday very much, but most of all I like the preparation to this holiday. Firstly, we decorate the New Year tree and our flat. At midnight we gather together and congratulate each other. And in the morning on the first of January we get the present from Father Frost.

The new phone was the best present for me. It was my dream and it became the truth.

And what about you? What is the best present you’ve ever received? Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 10

In this short story I want to tell you about how teenagers do sports. Firstly, I want to admit that sport became very popular through teenagers all over the world.

For many young people in Ukraine sport is a hobby. The most popular kinds of sports in Ukraine are volleyball, football, athletics, and swimming. Teenagers visit different sport clubs after the lessons.

An extreme sport is a popular term for certain activities which have a high level of danger. There are many extreme sports that take place in air, land, and water. For example there are some of them: ski jumping, sky diving ,sky surfing, sky flying, indoor climbing, BMX (bicycle motocross), mountain biking, mountain boarding, skateboarding, snowboarding, powerboat racing, surfing, whitewater kayaking, windsurfing. All these sports need to have special equipment. Teenagers like these sports because they like to take risks. Sometimes they do not understand all the dangerous consequences.

My favourite kind of sport is football.I like both to play football and watch it on TV.Football is very popular in the world because it is a breathtaking sport.A lot of children, teenagers and adults play football at the stadiums or in the sport sections every day because they would like to become professional footballers and set new worlds records.

That’s all what I want to tell you about doing sport.

TEST 12

In this short story I want to tell you about how to spend holidays in my country.

Firstly, I want to tell you how I prefer to spend my holidays. Most of all I liked summer holidays, they were the longest ones. As for me, my summer is quite typical from year to year. I usually spend June at home. I get up late all the time and try to be outside with my friends as much as possible. Then July I usually spend in the countryside with my grandparents. I have a lot of friends there as well. We often go to the lake for swimming or sunbathing. It’s always active time and we have a lot of things to do together. August is the most interesting month. My parents usually have a vacation at this time so travelling to different sides is the best activity before I go back to school.

As for me the best season for traveling is depended on where I want to travel. Summer is good season for going to the seaside, in winter it is interesting to go to the mountains. In autumn and in spring it is good to go to abroad.

Ukraine is a very beautiful country, rich in culture and history. There is much to offer tourists, many lovely sights, traditional sounds. One such Ukrainian attraction is St. Sophia Cathedral and Monastery, built during the 11th century. Also located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, are attractions such as The Golden Gate, Cathedral of St. Vladimir, Museum of Ukrainian Art, Andreyev Hill, the Opera House and the Historical Museum of Ukraine. The city of Odessa is well-known for the Potemkin Stairway with its 192 steps. Odessa also boasts a beautifully decorated opera house, a statue of the Duke of Richelieu, the Archaeological Museum and the Vorontsov Palace.

That’s all what I want to tell you about how to spend holidays in my country.

TEST 13

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. We have many holidays in Ukraine but I would like to tell about the main of them.

Each year begins with New Year and Christmas. Next great holiday is the International Women’s Day in March. The most important days in April are connected with Easter. Another important day in May is the Victory Day. At the end of June the Ukrainian people celebrate their Constitution Day. One of the most significant holidays in the country is the Day of Independence, which is celebrated at the end of August.

New Year is my favourite holiday since early childhood. My brother and I usually decorate a New Year tree with colourful glass balls and toys. I also like cooking New Year supper. I always help my mother to decorate New Year dishes. At night we have a real feast. We eat what we have cooked and watch TV. After clock strikes midnight, New Year comes. We drink champagne and give each other presents.

And what about you? What is your favourite holiday? How do you celebrate it?

Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 14

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Firstly, sport helps people to become strong and to develop physically. Secondly, it makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities. Also sport keeps your mind healthy. Sport helps people to keep in good health. We all need to exercise. Regular exercises gives you more energy. Exercises make you feel and look better. The best exercises are: walking, jogging or swimming. Among the sports popular in our country are football, basketball, swimming, volley-ball, ice hockey, tennis, gymnastics, figure skating.

My favourite kind of sport is football.I like both to play football and watch it on TV.Football is very popular in the world because it is a breathtaking sport.A lot of children, teenagers and adults play football at the stadiums or in the sport sections every day because they would like to become professional footballers and set new worlds records.

I like my school PE lessons. They are always active and we don’t have to sit at the desks. We always play team games such as football, basketball or volleyball. I love to be part of a team.

However, I ’m very shy and don’t like it when people look at me. So when we do some individual exercise, my results are not very good. I have to practice more.

And what about you? What is your favourite sport? What do you do in your PE lessons?

Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 15

I want to tell you about the ecological problem in my country.

It’s common knowledge that Ukraine is an industrial and intensively farmed country. Pollution is especially severe in many of the populated areas of Ukraine like Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donets’k, Dnipropetrovs’k, and Zaporizhia. One of them is the water pollution. The Dnipro and others rivers are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial waste, all kinds of chemical elements and pesticides. Industrial enterprises of large cities waste harmful substances into river and sea’s waters. But the most terrible ecological problem of Ukraine is Chernobyl. The effect of Chernobyl disaster is dangerous and tragic, because we don’t know up to the end all the consequences of radioactive contamination.

In my hometown teenagers do care about the clearness of it: there are several special events when young people go to the beach and collect trash on the coast and pick some of it from the water, for example.

Talking about me, I would rather live in a country side because there are less cars, less people, the air is cleaner which means that I would feel much better there.

TEST 16

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter.

Most of people in my country have two days off: on Saturday and on Sunday. Some people rest at home: watching TV or reading books. If the weather is fine people can go for a walk in the parks. In spring, summer and autumn many people go to the country.

I think, every season is good for outdoor activities. In winter you can ski, skate, children like to sledge and play snowballs. In spring, you can go for a walk, do sports in the open air. In summer people can go to the river and swim.

As for me most of my weekends I spend with my friends. We have a lot of free time that’s why we can go for a walk, play different games and communicate.

And what about you? How do you spend your weekends?

Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 17

I want to tell you about my exam what I have chosen for my exam.

Firstly I want to say that I have to pass three exams; two of them are compulsory, they are Ukrainian and Maths, And we have chosen English. We’ve chosen English, because this foreign language is very popular in our time, and every person has to know foreign language if you want to have a good job in the future.

As for me, I prefer written exam, because it is very hard for me talk with people. I need to think for a long time that to get right answer and I prefer to do this with my pen on the sheet of paper.

For all my exams, I revise all rules and all materials. I try to do more exercises as I can, I write compositions, dictations and read a lot. I think, I shall pass all exams and shall have good marks.

TEST 18

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. I think nobody likes it when his house is in a mess. Doing household chores and keeping the house clean and cozy are necessary in every flat.

My daily chores are making my bed, washing up, tidying my room in the evening, cleaning my shoes and taking out the rubbish. This is my usual routine. I also pick up my little sister from the kindergarten. Fortunately I don’t have to cook any food because my mum and granny do that and they really enjoy cooking. I just sometimes help them and serve the table. Once or twice a week my mother asks me to go shopping to the nearest food supermarket. I usually buy some bread, milk, fruits and vegetables.

Also, I have a small pet. It is my lovely cat. It is the small member of our family. It is very funny and I like to play with it.

I would like to live in a not very big town like mine. I think, it is cozy. Don’t need a lot of time to get to school or somewhere, we have a lot of shops, parks and others attractions.

Where do you want to live? Write me about your duties.

Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________

TEST 19

I want to tell you about visiting museums.

There are many interesting museums, exhibition halls and art galleries in the world and people love visiting them. Museums make you feel good, make you smarter, provide an effective way of learning. Museums are a great way to spend time with friends and family.

The town I live in is not very large and there are no big galleries and museums in it. But we have a good History Museum in our town. Last week I was on an excursion there. First we listened to a lecture on the history of our region which was very interesting. Then a guide showed us the exposition of the museum. We walked through its halls looking at different stands with exhibits. There were ancient exhibits. The guide told us about the origin and the age of the exhibits and answered our questions.

To sum up, I’d like to say that all museums are interesting and they give us an opportunity to learn something new about different nations and countries. I have learned very much from my visit to the museum.

TEST 20

I want to tell you about my future career and why I have to study English.

There are many good profession in the world and we can choose anyone. But for now I can’t to tell whom I want to be. I like to study languages and communicate with people.

I think English will be necessary for my future career. Nowadays it's very necessary to know a foreign language. Knowledge of foreign language helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people. There is a proverb: "Knowledge is Power." I agree with it. I study English, because I want to read English books of great writers in origin. I want to communicate with people from different countries, I v/ant to understand their culture and traditions. I like to travel. Speaking English I can travel anywhere, because more than 1 billion people speak English.

What do I do to learn English better? First of all I read a lot. There is always a book on my desk. I'm trying to learn few new words every day. To remember words better I put them into groups. I listen to songs in English and try to recognize the words. I have some tapes and video-tapes in English. I like to watch different satellite TV programs in English.

I like studying English.

TEST 21

Dear, Hellen.

I was glad to receive your letter. I like comedies and sci-fi films because they are exciting to watch. I like comedies because they make me laugh but I like sci-fi films for their action scenes and unusual settings.

I prefer watching films in the cinema because the big screen and the surrounding sound make the watching experience a lot better. And you can watch a new film as soon as it's released without waiting several more months for it to come out on DVD.

One of the great actors who made a strong impression on me is Will Smith. I think he is a brilliant actor with a lot of talents. All his characters are bright individuals and Will plays them perfectly well. Smith was born in 1968 in West Philadelphia. He began his acting career in 1993 with a major role in the drama “Six Degrees of Separation”. And after that Will Smith has starred in such massive blockbuster films as “Men in Black”, “I am Legend”, “Independence Day”, “I, Robot”, “Hancock”, “Seven Pounds” and “After Earth”. He has played plenty of interesting roles.

Write me about your favourite actor? What kinds of films do you like?

Have to go now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours ___________